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Published on September 9, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan. Revised on November 1, 2023.
The past perfect tense is a verb size used vĩ đại refer vĩ đại a past action that occurred before another past action.
The past perfect is formed using “had” along with the past participle of the main verb (e.g., “I had run”). All verbs in the past perfect tense take this size regardless of the subject (e.g., “she had known,” ”we had known”).
Table of contents
How vĩ đại use the past perfect
The past perfect tense (also called the pluperfect) is used:
- to describe a past sự kiện that occurred prior vĩ đại another past event
- to talk about time up vĩ đại a certain point in the past
- in conditional sentences vĩ đại talk about an unreal past sự kiện and its hypothetical consequence
The past perfect is formed using the auxiliary verb “had” along with a past participle.
When I got trang chủ, I realized I had left my keys at the office.
Nobody noticed that the chef had burned the turkey.
If you had asked má, I would have picked you up.
Present perfect vs. past perfect
While both the present perfect and past perfect tenses are used vĩ đại refer vĩ đại past actions and events, they serve different purposes:
- The present perfect is used vĩ đại describe a past action that has present consequences or an action that began in the past and may continue.
- The past perfect is used vĩ đại describe a past action that occurred before another action (in the past simple tense).
I had eaten at that restaurant many times before it closed.
Pritha has read the book and is excited about the film.
Pritha had read the book before she watched the film adaptation.
Simple past vs. past perfect
Both the simple past tense and past perfect tense are used vĩ đại describe past action or events. However, they have different functions:
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- The past simple is used vĩ đại indicate that an action or series of actions were completed in the past.
- The past perfect is used vĩ đại indicate that an action occurred before another past action. Sentences that use the past perfect often have a clause in the simple past vĩ đại indicate that one past action occurred before another.
Andrew had worked at the company for five years before he quit.
How vĩ đại size negatives
In the past perfect tense, negative statements are formed by adding the adverb “not” after the auxiliary verb “had.” This is often contracted (i.e., “hadn’t”).
By the kết thúc of the meeting, they still hadn’t decided on a plan.
I ordered takeout last night because I hadn’t bought groceries.
How vĩ đại size questions
To ask a yes–no question using the past perfect, put the auxiliary verb “had” before the subject of the sentence and the past participle of the main verb.
Had you met Peter before last night?
To ask a question with a wh-word (an interrogative adverb lượt thích “when” or interrogative pronoun lượt thích “what”), follow the same order as above and add the adverb or pronoun at the beginning of the sentence.
Who had you invited vĩ đại the các buổi tiệc nhỏ before it was canceled?
Exercises: Past perfect tense
Practice using the past perfect correctly with the exercises below. In the blank space in each sentence, fill in the correct past perfect size based on the subject and verb specified (e.g., “[I / see]” becomes “I had seen”). Some answers may also be negative statements or questions.
- __________ [The thieves / expect] vĩ đại find the diamonds in the vault.
- They went vĩ đại watch a movie after __________ [they / finish] their homework.
- __________ [John / not / sleep] well, and he could not focus.
- What __________ [Aaron / study] before he became a writer?
- The thieves had expected vĩ đại find the diamonds in the vault.
- The past perfect is formed using “had” and the past participle of the main verb.
- They went vĩ đại watch a movie after they had finished their homework.
- The past perfect is used vĩ đại describe a past action that was completed before another past action occurred.
- John had not slept well, and he could not focus.
- Negative statements are formed by adding “not” after the auxiliary verb “had.”
- What had Aaron studied before he became a writer?
- To ask a question with a wh-word, add the question word at the beginning of the sentence, followed by the auxiliary verb “had,” the subject of the sentence, and the past participle of the main verb.
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Frequently asked questions about the past perfect tense
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